What Does a Paleontologist Do?

The primary focus of a paleontologist’s work is the study of the history of life on Earth through fossil records. They examine various fossils to assemble Earth’s complex and lengthy biological history. There are many branches of paleontology that scientists may specialize in.

Paleobotany delves into ancient plants by studying plant fossils. Micropaleontology deals with tiny fossils that need a microscope for observation. Paleoecologists investigate how ancient organisms interacted with their ancient environments.

Paleontologists use various analytical tools and techniques to examine and extract the fossils they uncover. While in the field, paleontologists use excavation tools such as chisels, hammers, precise brushes, and sifting screens to remove fossilized remains from sedimentary rock deposits carefully. In the laboratory, paleontologists use analytical tools such as microscopes that examine microscopic structures, 3D scanners, imaging software that creates digital models of fossils, and chemical analysis instruments such as spectrometers to analyze fossilized tissue.

To become a paleontologist, an advanced college degree is required. To become a paleontology researcher, professionals typically need a science doctorate, which can take four to six years after receiving a bachelor’s degree. Paleontologists who maintain fossil collections for museums or universities often only have a master’s in paleontology, which takes two to three years on average. Overall, it can take up to ten years of education and training to become an advanced paleontologist.